Icare (Icarus)
Aubusson tapestry woven by the Tabard workshop.
N°1/6.
1960.
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Le jardin d'amour (the garden of love)
Tapestry, probably woven in Aubusson. 1947. Lurçat approached Saint-Saëns, originally a painter of murals, in 1940. And during the war the latter produced the first of his allegorical masterpieces, tapestries reflecting indignation, combat, resistance : “les Vierges folles (the foolish virgins), “Thésée et le Minotaure” (Theseus and the Minotaur). At the end of the war, as a natural development he joined up with Lurçat, whose convictions he shared (concerning a simplified palette, outlined cartoons with colours indicated by pre-ordained numbers, and the specific nature of tapestry design…) at the A.P.C.T. (Association des Peintres-cartonniers de Tapisserie). His universe, where the human figure, stretched, elongated, ooccupies an important place (particularly when compared to his companions Lurçat or Picart le Doux), pivots around traditional themes : woman, the Commedia dell’arte, Greek mythology… refined by the brilliance of the colours and the simplification of the layout. His work would evolve later, in the 1960’s, towards cartoons of a more lyrical design, almost abstract where elemental and cosmic forces would dominate. ‘Le jardin d'amour’, an evocative allegory of the terrestrial paradise sometimes illustrated in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, bears witness to the classical references of Saint-Saëns who, in the same year, conceived "Orphée" and "La Comédie italienne" : theatre, ancient myths and biblical references (the “Vierges folles” cartoon also comes to mind) were omnipresent sources of inspiration. Bibliography : Exhibition catalogue Saint-Saëns, the tapestries, Aubusson, Musée départemental de la Tapisserie, 1987 Exhibition catalogue Marc Saint-Saëns, tapestries, 1935-1979, Angers, Musée Jean Lurçat et de la Tapisserie Contemporaine 1997-1998 -
Matégot, d'abord décorateur, puis créateur d'objets et de mobilier (activité à laquelle il renonce en 1959), rencontre François Tabard en 1945, et lui donne ses premiers cartons, figuratifs d'abord, puis bientôt abstraits, dès les années 50. Il devient membre de l'A.P.C.T. (Association des Peintres-Cartonniers de Tapisserie) en 1949, participe à de multiples expositions internationales (Matégot, comme Lurçat avant lui, sera un infatigable militant de la tapisserie), répond à de nombreuses commandes publiques, parfois monumentales ("Rouen", 85 m2 pour la préfecture de Seine-Maritime, mais aussi tapisseries pour Orly, pour la Maison de la Radio, pour le FMI...) et réalise pas moins de 629 cartons jusque dans les années 70. En 1990 est inaugurée la fondation Matégot pour la tapisserie contemporaine à Bethesda, aux Etats-Unis. Matégot a fait partie, avec d'autres artistes comme Wogensky, Tourlière ou Prassinos, de ceux qui orienteront résolument la laine vers l'abstraction, lyrique d'abord, géométrique dans les années 70, en exploitant différents aspects techniques du métier : dégradés, battages, piqués, pointillés... Si, à cette époque, l’intérêt pour l’aéronautique est très fort chez Matégot (sa tapisserie pour Orly notamment, date de 1959, « Cap Canaveral » de 1958…), il rejoint ici son goût pour le traitement des grands mythes : Icare (il y eût aussi « Vulcain », « Dédale »…), sert de transition, dans un traitement identique (à comparer justement avec « Orly »), pour évoquer la même conquête de l’Air. Bibliographie : Waldemar Georges, Mathieu Matégot, numéro spécial Prisme des Arts, 1957 Cat. Exp. Matégot, Angers, Musée Jean Lurçat et de la Tapisserie Contemporaine, 1990-1991, reproduite p.31 Patrick Favardin, Mathieu Matégot, Editions Norma, 2014
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Les grands pins (the tall pines)
Aubusson tapestry woven in the Pinton workshop for the Verrière gallery. With label, n°1/1. Circa 1965. With a taste for the large-scale, influenced by Untersteller at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, Hilaire undertook numerous mural paintings. In the same vein, beginning in 1949, along with a number of other artists stimulated by Lurçat, (he would join the latter at the A.P.C.T. Association des Peintres-Cartonniers de Tapisserie) he designed a number of cartoons ( over a score) some of which were woven at Beauvais or at Les Gobelins. In this piece we come upon one of the artist’s leitmotivs in his tapestry cartoons : tracing light rays as they fall through foliage in a forest, found for example in “Soleil dans les arbres” (Sun in the trees), (but it was already the subject of “Forêt de france” for the “France” ocean liner). Here the concentrated colour scheme gives an effect of stained glass which is particularly striking, and which is redolent of the artist’s many realisations in this medium, notably in the churches of Moselle. Bibliography : Exhibition catalogue, Hilaire œuvre tissé, galerie Verrière 1970 Exhibition catalogue, Hilaire, du trait à la lumière, Musée Départemental Georges de la Tour à Vic-sur-Seille, 2010. -
Pampa
Aubusson tapestry woven by the Four workshop. With label, n°2/6. Circa 1990.Despite considering herself first and foremost a sculptor, Hedva Ser also produced some cartoons, woven at the Four workshop in Aubusson, which evoke atmospheric scenes (there are also “Esterel”, “Sinaï”, “Océan”...), where clouds, reflections, waves and dunes... are represented by the effective use of different threads and stitches. -
Chant d'oiseaux (birdsong)
Odette Caly, considered a specialist in floral arrangements, designed numerous cartoons for Aubusson, woven in the Pinton, Henry or Hamot workshops. The plant decor here is enlivened by birds, in a style that Henri Ilhe would not have denied. Bibliography : Caly, Publications filmées d’art et d’histoire, 1972Aubusson tapestry woven in the Pinton workshop. With signed label, n°1/6. Circa 1970. -
Le hibou (the owl)
Elie Maingonnat governed the Ecole Nationale des Arts Décoratifs d’Aubusson from 1930 until 1958 where he took over from Marium Martin (who already recommended the use of a limited number of colours and the use of hachures, a similar technique to hatching) of whom he was a pupil. As well as assuming the responsibilities of his position, Maingonnat devoted himself to designing cartoons : motifs of dense vegetation animated by the presence of a few animals, both of which were inspired by the flora and fauna of the Limousin area of France revitalising the traditional theme of the Aubusson "verdures" used in the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries. Our carton is typical of Maingonnat's work: the local flora and fauna, as if in symbiosis, are illustrated in a reduced range of autumnal colours. Bibliography : Exhibition catalogue Elie Maingonnat, Aubusson, Musée départemental de la Tapisserie, 1986-1987Aubusson tapestry woven by the Avignon workshop. With label signed by the artist's beneficiary. 1959. -
Paysage (landscape)
Aubusson tapestry woven by the Legoueix workshop. N°4/6. Circa 1970. It was in 1953 that Jean Picart le Doux proposed to Chaye to become his assistant and encouraged him to design tapestry cartoons : he would produce numerous bucolic cartoons, but also views of Normandy (Mont Saint Michel, Honfleur, regattas,…) whence he came. These compositions “as the bird flies” are typical of the artist. Here, the fields beneath their wings, in a geometrical evocation of the countryside in summer, are associated with a magnified (or metaphorical) representation of the crops planted therein (wheat, corn,…). -
Faisan (phaesant)
Perrot began his career as a cartoon designer at the end of the war, making almost 500 cartoons including numerous commissions from the state, most of which were woven at Aubusson. His style which is particularly rich and decorative is eminently recognisable : a crowd of butterflies or birds, most often, stands out against a background of vegetation, reminiscent of the millefleurs tapestries (which would also inspire Dom Robert). The ornithological subject, the abundance of motifs inspired by medieval « mille-fleurs » tapestries and the plain background (in this case, using the famous ‘Perrot blue’ as it was known in the Pinton workshops, repeatedly used in numerous cartoons) make our tapestry an exemplary model of Perrot's art from the 1960s onwards. Bibliography : Tapisseries, dessins, peintures, gravures de René Perrot, Dessein et Tolra, 1982 Cat. Expo. René Perrot, mon pauvre cœur est un hibou, Aubusson, Cité de la Tapisserie, 2023Aubusson tapestry woven by the Pinton workshop. With signed label. Circa 1960. -
Fleurs (flowers)
Edmond Dubrunfaut can be considered as the great 20th century renovator of the Belgian tapestry tradition. He founded a weavers’ workshop in Tournai as early as 1942, then, in 1947, created the Centre de Rénovation de la Tapisserie de Tournai. He produced for various Belgian workshops (Chaudoir, de Wit,...) numerous cartoons destined notably to adorn Belgian embassies throughout the world. Moreover, Dubrunfaut was a teacher of monumental art forms at the Academie des Beaux-Arts de Mons from 1947 to 1978 and then, in 1979, contributed to the creation of the Fondation de la tapisserie, des arts du tissu et des arts muraux de Tournai, a veritable heritage centre for the art of the tapestry in Wallonie. His style, characterised by figuration, strong colour contrasts, draws direct inspiration from nature and animal life (as with Perrot, for example, this artist has a net predilection for birdlife). A late tapestry by Dubrunfaut, in an ever-renewed decorative vein, woven at the CRECIT in Tournai, where the artist gave many cartoons . Bibliography : Exhibition catalogue Dubrunfaut et la renaissance de la tapisserie, tableaux, dessins, peintures, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Mons, 1982-1983.Tapestry woven by the CRECIT. With label. 1999.
